szwed – the ethnography of literacy
literacy is a necessity of modernity, but suffering a crisis – massive failures
shift in the world’s reading habits
in u.s. – novel is in declineplays and poetry at almost zero, non-fic ascending
we do not know what literacy is
what are reading and writing for?
social meaning of literacy
ordinary uses of literacy by ordinary people in ordinary situations
literacy abilities span a wide range of texts and types of literacy
not equally distributed within classes or between classes
deifintions of literacy must include:
-social context
-function
nexus of participant, function, context is glossed over as motivation
motivation itself is varied and complex
literacy cycles – changes in individual literacy based on stage of life, position, interest
not a single spectrum of literacy, but a variety of literacy configurations, plurality of literacies
texts – anything people read and write
street signs, magazines, newspapers, books, graffiti, reader’s digest
available statistics tell nothing about function and context
conventional thinking about literacy uses outdate model of literacy inherited from 19th century upper class europe



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